张 琳

（西安职业技术学院，西安710077）

摘要：柑橘在储运过程中极容易受到病菌的侵染，引起病害，造成较大的损失，因此，开发出一种高效的抗病菌物质对柑橘的储藏保鲜有着十分重要的意义。该文以指状青霉作为目标菌，研究枇杷叶提取物对其抑菌效果。结果表明，枇杷叶提取物对指状青霉的最小抑菌浓度与最小杀菌浓度分别是0.625mg/mL和1.25mg/mL。随着提取物浓度的增加，指状青霉孢子萌发率降低，孢子抑制率增加，在最小抑菌浓度（0.625 mg/mL）下，孢子抑制率达到78.95%。经枇杷叶提取物处理后，指状青霉细胞外电导率上升，细胞裂解速率增加，丙二醛含量增加，核酸泄漏量增加；同时菌丝体内还原糖含量下降，而胞外还原糖含量上升。枇杷叶提取物对指状青霉的抑菌效果具有剂量依赖性。该研究可为开发新型高效、低毒、安全的柑橘类防腐剂奠定理论基础。

关键词：枇杷叶提取物；指状青霉；抑菌

中图分类号：TS201.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-506X（2025）05-0091-0006

Research on Inhibitory Effect of Loquat Leaf Extract on Penicillium digitatum in Citrus

ZHANG Lin

（Xi’an Vocational and Technical College，Xi’an 710077，China）

Abstract: Citrus is very vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria infection in the process of storage and transportation，causing diseases and great losses. Therefore，the development of a kind of efficient antibacterial substances is of great significance in the storage and preservation of citrus. This paper studied the inhibitory effect of loquat leaf extract on Penicillium digitatum as the target fungi. Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of loquat leaf extract against Penicillium digitatum were 0.625 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL，respectively. As the extract concentration increased，spore germination rate of Penicillium digitatum decreased， and spore inhibition rate increased， reaching 78.95% at the minimum inhibitory concentration （0.625 mg/mL） . After loquat leaf extract treatment，extracellular conductivity，cell lysis rate，malondialdehyde content， and nucleic acid leakage of Penicillium digitatum all increased； In the meantime， reducing sugar content insides the mycelium decreased while its extracellular content increased. The inhibitory effect of loquat leaf extract on Penicillium digitatum exhibited dose-dependent. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the development of new，efficient，low-toxicity，and safe preservatives for citrus fruits.

Keywords: loquat leaf extract；Penicillium digitatum；antifungal

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2025.05-011